Harddisk LED This LED blinks during hard drive disk read and write activity. Power LED This LED lights when the computer is turned on. Power Button (On/Off) Press the power button to turn on the computer. To avoid losing data, turn off your computer by performing a soft shutdown by the operating system rather than by pressing the power button. If the computer stops responding, press and hold the power button until the computer turns off completely which may take several seconds. You can also use the power button to enter or resume from standby/suspend mode. Optical drive bay This 5.25" bay is normally used for a DVD writer. MyKover: customizable front panel design The enjoyable MyKover styles your home with more fun, just 1-minute, 2-clicks and 3-steps by inserting the stunning pictures behind the crystal panel.
This LED blinks during hard drive disk read and write activity.
This LED lights when the computer is turned on.
Press the power button to turn on the computer. To avoid losing data, turn off your computer by performing a soft shutdown by the operating system rather than by pressing the power button. If the computer stops responding, press and hold the power button until the computer turns off completely which may take several seconds. You can also use the power button to enter or resume from standby/suspend mode.
This 5.25" bay is normally used for a DVD writer.
The enjoyable MyKover styles your home with more fun, just 1-minute, 2-clicks and 3-steps by inserting the stunning pictures behind the crystal panel.
Power Connector To this inlet you can attach the mains cord to the power supply. The other end of the cord has a suitable power plug for the locality in which the appliance is used. Power Supply This PC has a stable switched-mode power supply with small dimension and high efficency. Power supplies are the devices that power computers. They convert AC power from electric utilities into DC power used in most electronics. Thumbscrews This case features toolless entry thanks to the thumbscrews, making it that much easier to get inside without using a screwdriver. Just unscrew the thumbscrews on the back of the chassis cover and slide the cover backwards and upwards. Note: For safety reasons, please ensure that the power cord is disconnected before opening the case. Thumbscrews This case features toolless entry thanks to the thumbscrews, making it that much easier to get inside without using a screwdriver. Just unscrew the thumbscrews on the back of the chassis cover and slide the cover backwards and upwards. Note: For safety reasons, please ensure that the power cord is disconnected before opening the case. Thumbscrews This case features toolless entry thanks to the thumbscrews, making it that much easier to get inside without using a screwdriver. Just unscrew the thumbscrews on the back of the chassis cover and slide the cover backwards and upwards. Note: For safety reasons, please ensure that the power cord is disconnected before opening the case. Analog Monitor Port (VGA) This video output is used to connect a analogue CRTs (cathode-ray tubes) display or a digital display with analogue input to the PC. It uses analogue RGB and synchronisation signals to bring up a picture on the display output. The connector is known as DB15 or 15-pin D-subminiature (D-Sub) where the ‘D’-shaped raised shield gives it it’s name. USB 2.0 Port This port connect USB devices, such as a mouse, keyboard, printer or a mass storage device. The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a high-speed synchronous serial data interface allowing up to 127 peripherals to be simultaneously connected to a personal computer. USB supports "hot-swap" which is the ability to add or remove a new device without having to reboot the computer and "plug-and-play" operation, in which the host software automatically detects attached peripherals and loads the appropriate driver. USB 2.0 runs at up to 480 Mbit/s and is downward compatible with USB 1.1 which runs up to 12 Mbit/s. Network Connector (RJ45) This RJ45 Ethernet port connects the PC directly to a central connecting device, be it hub, switch, or router. Hubs are the least expensive option and simply have multiple RJ45 ports to connect several computers. A switch works similar, but analyzes the data which results in a smoother and more efficient transfer of data. While hubs and switches connect devices to form a Local area network (LAN), routers are used to connect to another network, e.g. the Internet. The two lights next to the connector indicate status and activity for wired network connections. The integrated network controller supports at least Fast Ethernet (10/100 Mbit/s) or even Gigabit Ethernet (GbE, 10/100/1000 Mbit/s). Digital Monitor Port (DVI-D) The Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a 24 pin video interface standard designed to maximize the visual quality of digital displays. The advantage that digital systems have over analog ones is that Digital systems are only dependent on the electronic performance of the equipment, and because the signal information is conveyed as a digital (binary) code, any noise or distortion generated by the equipment is easier to reject. Audio Line In Port This 1/8 inch (3.5 mm) female stereo connector in light-blue color can be used as an input to record/digitize analogue audio from external sources such as a CD/tape player, amplifier, television etc. Parallel Port (optional) Here is a perforation to install the optional available "Shuttle XPC Accessory PC8" adapter which is specifically designed to attach printers with a 25 pin D-Sub parallel port interface. However, most modern printers are connected through a faster USB connection and often don't even have a parallel port connection. Wireless LAN (optional) This is a perforation for the antenna of an optional Wireless LAN module (Shuttle XPC Accessory PN20) which supports up to 54 Mbps transfer rate according to 802.11g standard. The WLAN module is connected to an internal USB port. You can connect to the Internet when in proximity of an access point or you can use the Ad-hoc mode for client to client connections. To ensure WLAN security, it also provides strong WPA encryption and firewall, to protect the data from WLAN. You should not use the weak WEP encryption protocol. PS/2 Mouse Port The green-colored PS/2 connector is used as standard input for a PC mouse since 1996. In the meantime it falls into the class of legacy device and will eventually be replaced by USB. PS/2 Keyboard Port The purple-colored PS/2 connector is used as standard input for a PC keyboard. Around 1995, the PS/2 keyboard port has replaced the AT 5 pin DIN connector and now it falls into the class of legacy device and will eventually be replaced by USB. Head Phone Port This 1/8 inch (3.5 mm) female stereo connector in lime color can be used to attach a headphone or headset with an impedance of at least 32 ohms. This connector can also be used as a line-out to connect amplified PC speakers. Microphone Port This 1/8 inch (3.5 mm) female connector in pink color can be used to attach a microphone. There are two audio ports (microphone and headphone) located on the front panel which can be used for a head-set. To test a microphone you can use the Windows Sound Recorder application. Serial Port Male 9-pin D-sub connector for RS-232 serial data communications. In the past, the serial port was used for modems, terminals, mice and other peripheral devices, but it is now being superseded by USB. Air Vents The computer uses an internal fan to create airflow through the fan air vents, which prevents the computer from overheating. The cooling fan is temperature-controlled which means that the computer turns on the fan when the computer gets hot. Do not block, push objects into, or allow dust to accumulate in the air vents. Do not store your computer in a low-airflow environment, such as a closed briefcase, while it is running. Restricting the airflow can damage the computer or cause a fire. Bracket This model does not provide any option for expansion cards.
To this inlet you can attach the mains cord to the power supply. The other end of the cord has a suitable power plug for the locality in which the appliance is used.
This PC has a stable switched-mode power supply with small dimension and high efficency. Power supplies are the devices that power computers. They convert AC power from electric utilities into DC power used in most electronics.
This case features toolless entry thanks to the thumbscrews, making it that much easier to get inside without using a screwdriver. Just unscrew the thumbscrews on the back of the chassis cover and slide the cover backwards and upwards. Note: For safety reasons, please ensure that the power cord is disconnected before opening the case.
This video output is used to connect a analogue CRTs (cathode-ray tubes) display or a digital display with analogue input to the PC. It uses analogue RGB and synchronisation signals to bring up a picture on the display output. The connector is known as DB15 or 15-pin D-subminiature (D-Sub) where the ‘D’-shaped raised shield gives it it’s name.
This port connect USB devices, such as a mouse, keyboard, printer or a mass storage device. The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a high-speed synchronous serial data interface allowing up to 127 peripherals to be simultaneously connected to a personal computer. USB supports "hot-swap" which is the ability to add or remove a new device without having to reboot the computer and "plug-and-play" operation, in which the host software automatically detects attached peripherals and loads the appropriate driver. USB 2.0 runs at up to 480 Mbit/s and is downward compatible with USB 1.1 which runs up to 12 Mbit/s.
This RJ45 Ethernet port connects the PC directly to a central connecting device, be it hub, switch, or router. Hubs are the least expensive option and simply have multiple RJ45 ports to connect several computers. A switch works similar, but analyzes the data which results in a smoother and more efficient transfer of data. While hubs and switches connect devices to form a Local area network (LAN), routers are used to connect to another network, e.g. the Internet. The two lights next to the connector indicate status and activity for wired network connections. The integrated network controller supports at least Fast Ethernet (10/100 Mbit/s) or even Gigabit Ethernet (GbE, 10/100/1000 Mbit/s).
The Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a 24 pin video interface standard designed to maximize the visual quality of digital displays. The advantage that digital systems have over analog ones is that Digital systems are only dependent on the electronic performance of the equipment, and because the signal information is conveyed as a digital (binary) code, any noise or distortion generated by the equipment is easier to reject.
This 1/8 inch (3.5 mm) female stereo connector in light-blue color can be used as an input to record/digitize analogue audio from external sources such as a CD/tape player, amplifier, television etc.
Here is a perforation to install the optional available "Shuttle XPC Accessory PC8" adapter which is specifically designed to attach printers with a 25 pin D-Sub parallel port interface. However, most modern printers are connected through a faster USB connection and often don't even have a parallel port connection.
This is a perforation for the antenna of an optional Wireless LAN module (Shuttle XPC Accessory PN20) which supports up to 54 Mbps transfer rate according to 802.11g standard. The WLAN module is connected to an internal USB port. You can connect to the Internet when in proximity of an access point or you can use the Ad-hoc mode for client to client connections. To ensure WLAN security, it also provides strong WPA encryption and firewall, to protect the data from WLAN. You should not use the weak WEP encryption protocol.
The green-colored PS/2 connector is used as standard input for a PC mouse since 1996. In the meantime it falls into the class of legacy device and will eventually be replaced by USB.
The purple-colored PS/2 connector is used as standard input for a PC keyboard. Around 1995, the PS/2 keyboard port has replaced the AT 5 pin DIN connector and now it falls into the class of legacy device and will eventually be replaced by USB.
This 1/8 inch (3.5 mm) female stereo connector in lime color can be used to attach a headphone or headset with an impedance of at least 32 ohms. This connector can also be used as a line-out to connect amplified PC speakers.
This 1/8 inch (3.5 mm) female connector in pink color can be used to attach a microphone. There are two audio ports (microphone and headphone) located on the front panel which can be used for a head-set. To test a microphone you can use the Windows Sound Recorder application.
Male 9-pin D-sub connector for RS-232 serial data communications. In the past, the serial port was used for modems, terminals, mice and other peripheral devices, but it is now being superseded by USB.
The computer uses an internal fan to create airflow through the fan air vents, which prevents the computer from overheating. The cooling fan is temperature-controlled which means that the computer turns on the fan when the computer gets hot. Do not block, push objects into, or allow dust to accumulate in the air vents. Do not store your computer in a low-airflow environment, such as a closed briefcase, while it is running. Restricting the airflow can damage the computer or cause a fire.
This model does not provide any option for expansion cards.
Back Panel Connectors The Back Panel is an electrical panel consisting of several connectors for external peripherals. Common ports are audio, network, usb and firewire. When the mainboard chipset integrates a video controller you will also find at least one video port. On newer PCs you may also find an external Serial ATA port, but at the same time you may miss some of the older (legacy) ports: PS/2 for mouse and keyboard, serial, parallel. Processor Socket 775 (Intel) Intel's processor socket 775, introduced in June 2004, is also called Socket T or LGA 775 and is Intel's latest CPU socket for desktop processors. LGA stands for Land Grid Array, which means that the pins are on the motherboard, not the processor. In July 2006, Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor for socket 775 (codenamed Conroe), which offers a higher level of computing performance with lower clock speeds, and lower power consumption. To check the compatibility of a particular processor in connection with this mainboard please refer to the compatibility lists at Shuttle's website. Battery This is a conventional coin-shaped non-rechargeable 3 volt lithium cell. This is a battery, which powers the CMOS memory that holds configuration information, and the internal date-and-time clock (RTC). Southbridge (Chipset) The chipset of this mainboard consists of two components: the Northbridge (NB) and the Southbridge (SB). The Southbridge is a chip that implements the "slower" capabilities of the mainboard and is not directly connected to the CPU. A particular southbridge will usually work with several different northbridges, but these two chips must be designed to work together. A typical Southbridge includes functions for power management, interrupt controller, USB and may include interfaces to the following components: mass storage drives (PATA/SATA), PCI/PCIe x1 bus, BIOS EEPROM, I/O controller (serial, parallel, PS/2 mouse/keyboard, floppy drive), audio codec chip, network controller and more. DDR2 Memory Slots These are 240-pin DIMM sockets to install DDR2 SDRAM memory modules used for high speed storage of the working data of a computer. Its primary benefit of DDR2 over its predecessor DDR is its higher bus speed and lower power consumption. The amount of RAM you have determines how many programs can be executed at one time and how much data can be handled without swapping data to a hard disk. Upgrading your memory is one of the most cost effective ways to boost your system performance. WindowsVersion Minimum RecommendedMinimum 3D Gaming,Graphics/Vid. Maximum 95/98/ME 128 MB 256 MB 512 MB 512 MB 2000/XP 256 MB 512 MB 1 GB 4 GB *) Vista 512 MB 1 GB 2 GB 8 GB **) *) only approx. 3.5 GB available **) only with P2 series Shuttle XPC's (4 memory sockets) and 64 bit operating system Serial ATA Header Serial ATA (SATA) is the successor to the legacy Parallel ATA (PATA or ATA) and mainly used to connect hard disks and optical drives to the mainboard. Parallel ATA Serial ATA Data cable(wires, max. length) 40 pin connector80 pin ribbon cablemax. 46 cm 4 wires (2x serial unidirectional)more compact, better airflowmax. 100 cm (external: 200 cm) Max. data rate 100 or 133 MB/s 150 or 300 MB/s(1.5 or 3.0 Gbit/s) Devices per channel 2 1 Optional featuresInnovations - Native command queuing (NCQ)Hot-swappingExternal connector (eSATA) Power Supply Connector The ATX V1.x specification defines a 20 pin main power connector which provides 3.3V, 5V, 12V and 5V standby lines to the mainboard. The power-on wire allows to turn the PSU off by software. ATX V2.x standard defines a new 24 pin connector to support 75W PCI-Express requirements, but most mainboards still use the old 20 pin connector in combination with an additional 4 pin ATX12V (12V), or combine 8 pin ATX12V with 6 pin AUX (3.3V and 5V). Parallel ATA Header This is the 40-pin Parallel ATA (IDE) onboard header for hard disks or optical drives. One connector supports up to 2 devices. The appropriate ribbon cables have one connector for the mainboard (at one end) and one or two for device attachment (master and/or slave device). According to the latest standards 80 wires are required for the ribbon cable in order support the higher transfer speeds (66MB/s or higher) - the additional 40 pins being dedicated to ground reducing crosstalk. With the introduction of Serial ATA in 2003, the original ATA was renamed Parallel ATA (PATA). It is expected that SATA will replace the older technology. Fan Connector Basically, there are two kind of onboard headers for cooling fans: 3 pin (RPM controlled) and 4 pin (PWM controlled). 2 wires are required to power the fan (12V). The third wire is a RPM output signal (also tach or sensor) to determine the rotation rate: it pulses twice, for every full rotation of the fan blade. A hardware monitor circuit on the mainboard can use this signal to adjust the fan speed according to CPU temperature by voltage control: the voltage is reduced or increased to speed or slow the fan. The optional 4th wire is a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) input, which is square wave signal at 25kHz - above human hearing. The pulse width of the PWM signal indicates the desired speed. A 50% wide signal might indicate half speed. A 75% wide pulse in PWM might mean three quarters speed and so on. This is different from voltage control. Online vendors make this a bit more confusing by often refering to a 3 pin fan to 4 pin power adapter cable - which usually means that two wires coming from the 4 pin Molex connector to a 3 pin fan, but the RPM wire is not assigned. Voltage Regulator for the processor The voltage regulator circuit is soldered to the mainboard and provides a processor the appropriate supply voltage. This device can auto-detect the required supply voltage from the processor. BIOS EEPROM The BIOS EEPROM is a memory chip which is mounted in a socket on the mainboard, so it is removable. It stores the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) which is a small program that stores configuration details about your computer hardware and enables your computer to boot up. Every time your computer is switched on, the BIOS loads configuration data into main memory, performs a routine diagnostic test on your hardware, then loads the operating system. You can enter a simple BIOS setup program by pressing the DEL key shortly after the machine starts to boot. This is an interface where the user can configure items such as time, date, boot settings, hard drive details, etc. The system configuration data is stored in the battery buffered CMOS memory which is not inside the BIOS EEPROM. By using the "Clear CMOS" jumper you can reset the CMOS data to factory default settings, if necessary. The EEPROM retains the data even when power is turned off and it can be reprogrammed using a Flash Utility. This allows a convenient way to upgrade your BIOS as newer features are released, however, the risk is that an improperly executed or aborted BIOS update can render the computer or device unusable. Shuttle is not liable for any damage or loss of data caused by the BIOS update. Ethernet Network Controller Ethernet is a family of networking technologies for local area networks (LANs), standardized as IEEE 802.3. You can find the network controller on a Network interface card (NICs) or integrated as a LAN-on-Motherboard (LOM) solution. In traditional PC architecture, the network controller is attached to the PCI or PCI-Express bus. Today, most board-mounted network chips only includes the PHysical Layer (PHY) transceiver, whereas the other logical part of the controller, the Media Access Controller (MAC), is integrated into the southbridge of the mainboards chipset. Each Ethernet station is given a single 48-bit MAC address, which is used both to specify the destination and the source of each data packet. Input/Output Controller The Input/Output controller is a single chip that typically controls the slower-speed standardized peripherals common to most personal computers. These functions include for example serial port control, parallel port control and FDD control. Clear CMOS Jumper The Clear CMOS Button jumper allows users to reset BIOS information to factory default settings. To perform the Clear CMOS procedure, first power down the PC and remove the power cord. Then set the jumper according to the manual for 5 seconds. Finally reconnect the power cord and turn on the computer. Audio CODEC In the late 1990s, many computer manufacturers began to replace plug-in soundcards with a "AC'97 audio codec", usually a small square chip with 48 pins. The word "Audio Codec" refers to the analog component of the architecture, a combined audio AD/DA-converter - it encodes/decodes signals to/from analog audio from/to digital audio. This should not be confused with a software codec in the sense of converting from one binary format to another, such as an MP3 codec. The digital part is integrated into the mainboards chipset. In 2004 AC'97 was superseded by Intel High Definition Audio (HD Audio) with PCI-Express x1 Interface, which supports eight channels at 192 kHz/32-bit quality, while the AC‘97 specification with a serial (AIC or I2S) interface can only support six channels at 48 kHz/20-bit. Power Supply Connector The ATX V1.x specification defines a 20 pin main power connector which provides 3.3V, 5V, 12V and 5V standby lines to the mainboard. The power-on wire allows to turn the PSU off by software. ATX V2.x standard defines a new 24 pin connector to support 75W PCI-Express requirements, but most mainboards still use the old 20 pin connector in combination with an additional 4 pin ATX12V (12V), or combine 8 pin ATX12V with 6 pin AUX (3.3V and 5V). Fan Connector Basically, there are two kind of onboard headers for cooling fans: 3 pin (RPM controlled) and 4 pin (PWM controlled). 2 wires are required to power the fan (12V). The third wire is a RPM output signal (also tach or sensor) to determine the rotation rate: it pulses twice, for every full rotation of the fan blade. A hardware monitor circuit on the mainboard can use this signal to adjust the fan speed according to CPU temperature by voltage control: the voltage is reduced or increased to speed or slow the fan. The optional 4th wire is a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) input, which is square wave signal at 25kHz - above human hearing. The pulse width of the PWM signal indicates the desired speed. A 50% wide signal might indicate half speed. A 75% wide pulse in PWM might mean three quarters speed and so on. This is different from voltage control. Online vendors make this a bit more confusing by often refering to a 3 pin fan to 4 pin power adapter cable - which usually means that two wires coming from the 4 pin Molex connector to a 3 pin fan, but the RPM wire is not assigned. Northbridge (Chipset) The chipset of this mainboard consists of two components: the Northbridge (NB) and the Southbridge (SB). The Northbridge is the faster of the two and handles the data flows to CPU, DRAM memory, graphics card and Southbridge chip. Special bus systems are uses for the communication, e.g. Front Side Bus for Intel CPUs, Memory Bus for DRAM memory modules, PCI Express for the graphics and the Chipset Interconnect bus between NB and SB. The performance of these connections depends on the clock speed, the data-width and the latency (or 'access' time). Some northbridges also contain an integrated video controller. The northbridge on a particular system's mainboard is the most prominent factor in dictating the number, speed, and type of CPU and the amount, speed, and type of DRAM that can be used (please refer to the specification of this product). Fan Connector Basically, there are two kind of onboard headers for cooling fans: 3 pin (RPM controlled) and 4 pin (PWM controlled). 2 wires are required to power the fan (12V). The third wire is a RPM output signal (also tach or sensor) to determine the rotation rate: it pulses twice, for every full rotation of the fan blade. A hardware monitor circuit on the mainboard can use this signal to adjust the fan speed according to CPU temperature by voltage control: the voltage is reduced or increased to speed or slow the fan. The optional 4th wire is a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) input, which is square wave signal at 25kHz - above human hearing. The pulse width of the PWM signal indicates the desired speed. A 50% wide signal might indicate half speed. A 75% wide pulse in PWM might mean three quarters speed and so on. This is different from voltage control. Online vendors make this a bit more confusing by often refering to a 3 pin fan to 4 pin power adapter cable - which usually means that two wires coming from the 4 pin Molex connector to a 3 pin fan, but the RPM wire is not assigned. Onboard USB Connector This is an onboard USB header with 1x5 pins (or 2x5 pins) which provide one (or two) USB interfaces you want to install additional internal components, such as a 3.5" card reader or a Shuttle Wireless-LAN module. Connector for the front panel The is a special flat cable connector for the front panel. It carries signal for the buttons (power and reset) and LEDs (power and HDD). Parallel Port header With this header you can connect the optional available "Shuttle XPC Accessory PC8" adapter which is specifically designed to attach printers with a 25 pin D-Sub parallel port interface which can be installed at the back panel of the computer. However, most modern printers are connected through a faster USB connection and often don't even have a parallel port connection. Connector for the front panel The is a special flat cable connector for the front panel. It carries signal for the buttons (power and reset) and LEDs (power and HDD).
The Back Panel is an electrical panel consisting of several connectors for external peripherals. Common ports are audio, network, usb and firewire. When the mainboard chipset integrates a video controller you will also find at least one video port. On newer PCs you may also find an external Serial ATA port, but at the same time you may miss some of the older (legacy) ports: PS/2 for mouse and keyboard, serial, parallel.
Intel's processor socket 775, introduced in June 2004, is also called Socket T or LGA 775 and is Intel's latest CPU socket for desktop processors. LGA stands for Land Grid Array, which means that the pins are on the motherboard, not the processor. In July 2006, Intel released the Core 2 Duo processor for socket 775 (codenamed Conroe), which offers a higher level of computing performance with lower clock speeds, and lower power consumption. To check the compatibility of a particular processor in connection with this mainboard please refer to the compatibility lists at Shuttle's website.
This is a conventional coin-shaped non-rechargeable 3 volt lithium cell. This is a battery, which powers the CMOS memory that holds configuration information, and the internal date-and-time clock (RTC).
The chipset of this mainboard consists of two components: the Northbridge (NB) and the Southbridge (SB). The Southbridge is a chip that implements the "slower" capabilities of the mainboard and is not directly connected to the CPU. A particular southbridge will usually work with several different northbridges, but these two chips must be designed to work together. A typical Southbridge includes functions for power management, interrupt controller, USB and may include interfaces to the following components: mass storage drives (PATA/SATA), PCI/PCIe x1 bus, BIOS EEPROM, I/O controller (serial, parallel, PS/2 mouse/keyboard, floppy drive), audio codec chip, network controller and more.
The ATX V1.x specification defines a 20 pin main power connector which provides 3.3V, 5V, 12V and 5V standby lines to the mainboard. The power-on wire allows to turn the PSU off by software. ATX V2.x standard defines a new 24 pin connector to support 75W PCI-Express requirements, but most mainboards still use the old 20 pin connector in combination with an additional 4 pin ATX12V (12V), or combine 8 pin ATX12V with 6 pin AUX (3.3V and 5V).
This is the 40-pin Parallel ATA (IDE) onboard header for hard disks or optical drives. One connector supports up to 2 devices. The appropriate ribbon cables have one connector for the mainboard (at one end) and one or two for device attachment (master and/or slave device). According to the latest standards 80 wires are required for the ribbon cable in order support the higher transfer speeds (66MB/s or higher) - the additional 40 pins being dedicated to ground reducing crosstalk. With the introduction of Serial ATA in 2003, the original ATA was renamed Parallel ATA (PATA). It is expected that SATA will replace the older technology.
Basically, there are two kind of onboard headers for cooling fans: 3 pin (RPM controlled) and 4 pin (PWM controlled). 2 wires are required to power the fan (12V). The third wire is a RPM output signal (also tach or sensor) to determine the rotation rate: it pulses twice, for every full rotation of the fan blade. A hardware monitor circuit on the mainboard can use this signal to adjust the fan speed according to CPU temperature by voltage control: the voltage is reduced or increased to speed or slow the fan. The optional 4th wire is a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) input, which is square wave signal at 25kHz - above human hearing. The pulse width of the PWM signal indicates the desired speed. A 50% wide signal might indicate half speed. A 75% wide pulse in PWM might mean three quarters speed and so on. This is different from voltage control. Online vendors make this a bit more confusing by often refering to a 3 pin fan to 4 pin power adapter cable - which usually means that two wires coming from the 4 pin Molex connector to a 3 pin fan, but the RPM wire is not assigned.
The voltage regulator circuit is soldered to the mainboard and provides a processor the appropriate supply voltage. This device can auto-detect the required supply voltage from the processor.
The BIOS EEPROM is a memory chip which is mounted in a socket on the mainboard, so it is removable. It stores the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) which is a small program that stores configuration details about your computer hardware and enables your computer to boot up. Every time your computer is switched on, the BIOS loads configuration data into main memory, performs a routine diagnostic test on your hardware, then loads the operating system. You can enter a simple BIOS setup program by pressing the DEL key shortly after the machine starts to boot. This is an interface where the user can configure items such as time, date, boot settings, hard drive details, etc. The system configuration data is stored in the battery buffered CMOS memory which is not inside the BIOS EEPROM. By using the "Clear CMOS" jumper you can reset the CMOS data to factory default settings, if necessary. The EEPROM retains the data even when power is turned off and it can be reprogrammed using a Flash Utility. This allows a convenient way to upgrade your BIOS as newer features are released, however, the risk is that an improperly executed or aborted BIOS update can render the computer or device unusable. Shuttle is not liable for any damage or loss of data caused by the BIOS update.
Ethernet is a family of networking technologies for local area networks (LANs), standardized as IEEE 802.3. You can find the network controller on a Network interface card (NICs) or integrated as a LAN-on-Motherboard (LOM) solution. In traditional PC architecture, the network controller is attached to the PCI or PCI-Express bus. Today, most board-mounted network chips only includes the PHysical Layer (PHY) transceiver, whereas the other logical part of the controller, the Media Access Controller (MAC), is integrated into the southbridge of the mainboards chipset. Each Ethernet station is given a single 48-bit MAC address, which is used both to specify the destination and the source of each data packet.
The Input/Output controller is a single chip that typically controls the slower-speed standardized peripherals common to most personal computers. These functions include for example serial port control, parallel port control and FDD control.
The Clear CMOS Button jumper allows users to reset BIOS information to factory default settings. To perform the Clear CMOS procedure, first power down the PC and remove the power cord. Then set the jumper according to the manual for 5 seconds. Finally reconnect the power cord and turn on the computer.
In the late 1990s, many computer manufacturers began to replace plug-in soundcards with a "AC'97 audio codec", usually a small square chip with 48 pins. The word "Audio Codec" refers to the analog component of the architecture, a combined audio AD/DA-converter - it encodes/decodes signals to/from analog audio from/to digital audio. This should not be confused with a software codec in the sense of converting from one binary format to another, such as an MP3 codec. The digital part is integrated into the mainboards chipset. In 2004 AC'97 was superseded by Intel High Definition Audio (HD Audio) with PCI-Express x1 Interface, which supports eight channels at 192 kHz/32-bit quality, while the AC‘97 specification with a serial (AIC or I2S) interface can only support six channels at 48 kHz/20-bit.
The chipset of this mainboard consists of two components: the Northbridge (NB) and the Southbridge (SB). The Northbridge is the faster of the two and handles the data flows to CPU, DRAM memory, graphics card and Southbridge chip. Special bus systems are uses for the communication, e.g. Front Side Bus for Intel CPUs, Memory Bus for DRAM memory modules, PCI Express for the graphics and the Chipset Interconnect bus between NB and SB. The performance of these connections depends on the clock speed, the data-width and the latency (or 'access' time). Some northbridges also contain an integrated video controller. The northbridge on a particular system's mainboard is the most prominent factor in dictating the number, speed, and type of CPU and the amount, speed, and type of DRAM that can be used (please refer to the specification of this product).
This is an onboard USB header with 1x5 pins (or 2x5 pins) which provide one (or two) USB interfaces you want to install additional internal components, such as a 3.5" card reader or a Shuttle Wireless-LAN module.
The is a special flat cable connector for the front panel. It carries signal for the buttons (power and reset) and LEDs (power and HDD).
With this header you can connect the optional available "Shuttle XPC Accessory PC8" adapter which is specifically designed to attach printers with a 25 pin D-Sub parallel port interface which can be installed at the back panel of the computer. However, most modern printers are connected through a faster USB connection and often don't even have a parallel port connection.
